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June 2026
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Engineering exports continued to grow in 2026-27 after achieving record high in 2025-26

Despite achieving a record high figure in 2024-25, Indian engineering exports declined on a monthly basis in March 2025. Engineering exports in March 2025 was recorded at USD 10.82 billion as against USD 11.27 billion in March 2024, registering a decline of 3.92 percent year-on-year.
According to the Quick Estimates of Department of Commerce, Government of India, share of engineering in India's total merchandise exports increased to 25.79 percent in March 2025 from 24.61 percent in February 2025. On a cumulative basis, the share was recorded at 26.67 percent during entire fiscal 2024-25 as against 25.01 percent in the previous fiscal.
In March 2025, 27 out of 34 engineering panels witnessed positive year-on-year growth. While 13 engineering panels including mainly Iron and Steel and products, Copper, and products, Aircrafts and Spacecrafts, Ship and Boats, Cranes, Lifts Winches, Other Construction Machinery etc witness decline in exports during March 2025 vis-à-vis March 2024.
On a cumulative basis, 28 out of 34 engineering panels recorded positive growth and remaining 6 engineering panels including Iron and Steel, some Non-ferrous sectors including Copper and Aluminium products, Office Equipment, Other Construction Machinery and Mica Products recorded negative growth during April-March 2024-25.
Region wise, North America maintained its spot as the number one export destination with a share of 20.5% followed by EU (17.1%) and WANA (16.7%) in March 2025. Significant export growth was noted in LAC (20.1%), Other Europe (19%) and NE Asia (14.1%), in March 2025. In cumulative terms, all regions experienced growth barring Oceania (-10.4%) and EU (-1.9%).
Country-wise, USA remained the top destinations followed by UAE and Saudi Arabia in March 2025 while maximum increase was noted in France (43.2%), Nepal (37 %) and UK (32.9%).
In cumulative terms too USA remained the number one destination. Significant export growth was noted in UAE, Sinagpore, Nepal, Japan and France.
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June-2026 engineering exports hit peak growth for fiscal 2024-2025

  • Engineering exports from India once again reached its all-time high at USD 116.67 billion in fiscal 2024-25 surpassing the previous high of USD 112.10 billion achieved in fiscal 2021-22.
  • Engineering exports from India saw its all-time high five times in the last eleven fiscals.
  • During 2024-25, engineering exports registered 6.74 percent year-on-year growth on its way to reach this record high. Exports were recorded at USD 109.30 billion in 2023-24.
  • It is mention worthy in this regard that engineering exports outweighed the broader Merchandise Exports in terms of growth as India’s Merchandise exports saw a meagre 0.08 percent year-on-year growth in 2024-25 to reach USD 437.42 billion.
  • As a consequence, share of engineering in India’s overall merchandise exports increased to 26.67 percent in 2024-25 from 25.01 percent in the previous fiscal.
  • The performance of Indian engineering exports was really remarkable in 2024-25 as it came during a period of extreme global uncertainty following geo-political disturbances and economic slowdown in major developed and emerging nations, which was further aggravated by tariff escalation by the USA.
Trade Flow Export figures(in $ billion) Growth (%)
Mar-2025 Mar-2026 Apr-Mar 2023-24 Apr-Mar 2024-25 Mar-2026 over Mar-2025 Apr-Mar 2023-24 over Apr-Mar 2024-25
Engineering exports 9.51 11.48 28.91 34.14 20.74% 18.09%
Overall Merchandise exports 34.98 40.41 111.57 129.32 15.54% 15.92%
Share of engineering (%) 27.18% 28.40% 25.92% 26.40% --- ---
Service Exports 32.11 33.03 97.41 103.41 2.87% 6.16%

Source : Compiled from data by DGCI&S and Quick Estimates published by the Government of India.

Engineering Exports: Monthly Trend

The monthly engineering figures for 2024-25 vis-à-vis 2023-24 are shown below as per the latest DGCI&S estimates:

Table 1: Engineering Exports: Monthly Trend in 2024-25

US$ million

Month 2023-24 2024-25 Growth (%)
April 9515.77 10351.01 8.78
May 9890.43 12311.33 24.48
June 9506.71 11478.69 20.74
April-June 28912.91 34143.99 18.09

Source : DGCIS, Govt. of India

TOP 25 ENGINEERING EXPORT DESTINATIONS IN April-June 2024-25

We now look at the export scenario of the top 25 nations that had highest demand for Indian engineering products during March 2025 over March 2024 as well as in cumulative terms during April-March 2024-25 vis-à-vis April-March 2023-24. The data clearly shows that top 25 countries contribute 73.3% of total engineering exports.

Table 2: Engineering exports country wise

(US$ million)

Countries Mar-2025 Mar-2026 Growth (%) April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth (%)
U S A 1738.94 1949.07 12.08% 5136.35 5589.26 8.82%
SINGAPORE 371.85 545.87 46.8% 1236.88 1204.08 -2.65%
U ARAB EMTS 630.65 448.78 -28.84% 1854.23 2028.46 9.4%
GERMANY 394.94 448.16 13.48% 1159.41 1334.02 15.06%
U K 413.32 376.57 -8.89% 1137.07 1349.09 18.65%
CHINA P RP 208.14 361.47 73.67% 581.22 1000.65 72.17%
SAUDI ARAB 364.79 324.65 -11% 1096.25 1056.78 -3.6%
MEXICO 259.66 310.01 19.39% 785.8 933.24 18.76%
JAPAN 190.28 300.4 57.87% 636.68 729.52 14.58%
SOUTH AFRICA 232.22 270.22 16.36% 619.76 819.85 32.28%
OMAN 49.77 258.97 420.3% 204.67 459.86 124.68%
FRANCE 185.8 255.96 37.76% 538.28 682.33 26.76%
KOREA RP 241.94 245.55 1.49% 715.14 884.24 23.65%
ITALY 240.94 239.66 -0.53% 784.03 774.86 -1.17%
VIETNAM SOC REP 110.64 236.38 113.65% 344.52 616.29 78.88%
NEPAL 183.4 217.84 18.78% 617.93 685.94 11.01%
EGYPT A RP 90.33 205 126.95% 219.02 415.16 89.56%
NETHERLAND 182.92 203.3 11.14% 553.62 599.48 8.28%
MALAYSIA 79.87 195.83 145.18% 271.24 679.95 150.68%
THAILAND 176.65 194.74 10.24% 526.98 520.3 -1.27%
SPAIN 104.84 193.89 84.94% 349.1 518.89 48.63%
BRAZIL 203.41 188.8 -7.18% 631.15 616.99 -2.24%
SRI LANKA DSR 149.12 188.09 26.13% 296.45 848.23 186.13%
INDONESIA 108.88 178.85 64.27% 404.34 518.09 28.13%
TURKEY 148.03 158.5 7.07% 516.86 511.59 -1.02%
Total engineering exports to top 25 countries 7061.33 8496.53 20.32% 21216.98 25377.17 19.61%
Total engineering exports 9506.71 11478.69 20.74% 28912.91 34143.99 18.09%

Source : DGCI&S

REGION WISE INDIA’S ENGINEERING EXPORTS

The following table depicts region wise India’s engineering exports for 2024-25 as compared to 2023-24.

Table 3: Region wise engineering exports in April-February 2023-2024 vis-à-vis April-June 2023-2024

(US$ million)

Regions Mar-2025 Mar-2026 Growth (%) April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth (%)
NORTH AMERICA 2108.14 2408.71 14.26% 6244.12 6937.16 11.1%
EUROPEAN UNION 1662.77 1996.62 20.08% 5101.4 5736.63 12.45%
WANA 1404.61 1481.7 5.49% 4177.66 4644.69 11.18%
ASEAN 931.29 1445.5 55.21% 3098.4 3816.96 23.19%
N E ASIA 731.77 1036.63 41.66% 2228.11 2970.95 33.34%
SSA( Sub Saharan Africa) 733.24 946.99 29.15% 2186.01 2827.38 29.34%
LATIN AMERICA 577.18 652.63 13.07% 1736.91 1977.78 13.87%
SOUTH ASIA 541.72 627.34 15.81% 1595.21 2218.85 39.09%
OTHER EUROPE 593.85 578.13 -2.65% 1771.17 2055.28 16.04%
CIS 96.44 143.65 48.95% 339.92 407.63 19.92%
OCEANIA 112.32 139.62 24.31% 400.99 489.71 22.13%
OTHERS 13.38 21.16 58.14% 33 60.97 84.77%

Note : *Figures have been rounded off.

Source : DGCI&S **Myanmar has been included in ASEAN and not in South Asia, since ASEAN is a formal economic grouping.

PRODUCT PANEL WISE ENGINEERING EXPORTS

In this section we look at the Engineering Panel wise exports for the month of March 2025 vis-à-vis March 2024 as well as the cumulative exports for April-March 2024-25 vis-à-vis April-March 2023-24. These are indicated in the tables below.

Reasons for Decline (As per April-March 2024-25):
Ferrous products
Export Performance:
    i. Iron and Steel: Significant decline of 30% from March 2024 to March 2025, and a 22% decline from April-March 2023-24 to April-March 2024-25.
    ii. Products of Iron and Steel: Slight decline of 1% from March 2024 to March 2025, but a 2% growth from April-March 2023-24 to April-March 2024-25.
    iii. Overall Ferrous Products: Decline of 17% from March 2024 to March 2025, and an 11% decline from April-March 2023-24 to April-March 2024-25.
 US Tariffs: The 25% tariffs imposed by the US on steel imports ( as per the proclamation order dated on 18th March 2025) have created a challenging environment for Indian steel exporters. Although India's direct steel exports to the US are relatively low, the tariffs have led to increased global competition and price pressures. The tariffs have also resulted in a shift in trade flows.
Impact of US Tariffs on India's Steel Exports: (i) While the direct impact of US tariffs on India's steel exports is limited due to the low volume of exports to the US, the indirect effects are significant. The tariffs have led to increased global competition and price pressures, affecting India's export competitiveness. (ii) India's Directorate General of Trade Remedies
(DGTR) initiated a 12% safeguard duty on a broad range of steel products for 200 days, starting from April 21, 2025. This measure aims to protect the domestic market from a surge in imports.
While this move is intended to shield local producers, it has also led to increased costs for user industries, potentially impacting their competitiveness
 
a) Overall price scenario in various countries post imposition of US tariff :
    
    (i) US: The US imposed a 25% tariff on all steel imports, which has significantly boosted domestic steel prices. Hot-rolled coil (HRC) prices soared, with the Midwest HRC price averaging $807 per short ton in March, up from $698 in January. The tariffs have led to increased demand for domestic steel, extending delivery lead times and pushing up prices further. (Source: SPG Platts Connet)
    
    (ii)China: The Chinese steel market experienced muted sentiment due to the US tariffs. Steel prices have remained relatively flat, with hot-rolled coil prices averaging 3,419 yuan per metric ton in March 2025. The tariffs have created uncertainty, leading to cautious buying behavior and concerns about a potential trade war. (Source: SPG Platts Connet)
     
    (iii) European Union: EU flat steel prices have risen due to expectations of tighter import quotas in response to the US tariffs and improving manufacturing activity. Northern EU flat steel prices reached a six-month high of €615 per metric ton in early March 2025. (Source: SPG Platts Connet)
    (iv) Turkey: Turkey's scrap prices have strengthened due to higher US steel and scrap prices. However, slow rebar sales have capped further gains.
    (v)India: The Indian government has imposed a provisional 12% safeguard duty on specific non-alloy and alloy steel flat products, effective from April 21, 2025. This measure, following DGTR's findings of a surge in imports causing harm to domestic producers, aims to protect local steel manufacturers. Exemptions apply to imports from developing countries (excluding China and Vietnam) and products priced above certain thresholds. The duty will be in effect for 200 days, providing temporary relief to stabilize domestic steel prices and support the industry.( Source: BigMint)
  • Non- Ferrous Sector (Copper and Alumimnium)
Copper
The copper exports declined by 15% in March 2025 and 8% in April-March 2024-25. The decline can be majorly attributed to India’s growing copper demand and its position as a net copper importer due to the shutdown of the Sterlite Copper plant in Tamil Nadu's Tuticorin in 2018. As per the Ministry of Mines, India’s domestic demand for copper is expected to increased by 1.7 million tonnes by 2027.
Aluminium
The Aluminium exports declined by 10% in April-March 2024-25. However, it exhibited growth of 13% in March 2025. The decline in aluminium can be attributed to the following reason - RODTEP benefit to SEZ units was only provided in October, November and December 2024 although the scheme was implemented from April 2024 for entire financial year. This is making exports unviable, and not competitive. Declining exports to the US due to the tariff situation is also a cause of concern.
Table 4a. Trend in exports of iron and steel and its products

(US$ million)

Product panels June-2025 June-2026 Growth April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth
IRON AND STEEL 770.62 1114.7 44.65% 2395.19 2942.99 22.87%
PRODUCTS OF IRON AND STEEL 840.48 854.53 1.67% 2488.34 2497.46 0.37%
Sub Total 1611.1 1969.23 22% 4883.53 5440.45 11%

Source : DGCI&S

Table 4b. Trend in exports of Non-Ferrous Metals and Products

US$ Million

Product panels June-2025 June-2026 Growth April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth
Aluminium and products made of Aluminium 450.53 823.46 82.77% 1484.37 2311.02 55.69%
Copper and products made of copper 186.53 357.82 91.83% 559.79 1056.32 88.7%
Lead and products made of Lead 94.23 68.47 -27.34% 251.88 219.18 -12.98%
Nickel and products made of Nickel 12.42 16.38 31.85% 38.93 51.79 33.05%
Other Non Ferrous Metals and their products 88.91 85.02 -4.38% 258.22 303.58 17.56%
Tin and products made of Tin 2.21 7.83 254.75% 6.19 20.02 223.38%
Zinc and products made of zinc 44.97 60.54 34.62% 152.35 236.22 55.05%
Sub Total 879.81 1419.52 61% 2751.73 4198.13 53%

Source : DGCI&S

Table 4c. Trend in exports of Industrial Machinery

US$ Million

Product panels June-2025 June-2026 Growth April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth
Air condition and Refrigeration Machinery and Parts, Industrial Furnaces, Water heaters and Centrifuges and Compressor 185.39 206.87 11.59% 562.17 594.3 5.72%
IC Engines and Parts 347.94 344.18 -1.08% 1037.72 1027.47 -0.99%
Industrial Machinery for dairy, agriculture, food processing, textiles, paper, chemicals, etc 692.98 730.49 5.41% 2151.68 2231.14 3.69%
Machine Tools 67.27 71.41 6.14% 196.24 213.84 8.97%
Machinery for ATMs, Injecting Moulding machinery, valves, etc 259.31 253.28 -2.33% 753.24 764.57 1.5%
Nuclear Reactors, Industrial Boilers and Parts 58.55 70.59 20.56% 237.57 261.49 10.07%
Pumps of all types 132.14 137.26 3.87% 380.11 407.34 7.16%
Sub Total 1743.59 1814.08 4.04% 5318.74 5500.15 3.41%

Source : DGCI&S

Table 4d. Trend in exports of Electrical Machinery and Equipment

US$ Million

Product panels June-2025 June-2026 Growth April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth
Electric Machinery and Equipment 1305.63 1719.33 31.69% 3799.36 4586.47 20.72%

Source : DGCI&S

Table 4e. Trend in exports of Auto and auto parts

US$ Million

Product panels June-2025 June-2026 Growth April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth
AUTO COMPONENTS/PARTS 705.347 753.142 6.78% 2089.278 2229.761 6.72%
AUTO TYRES AND TUBES 261.029 278.704 6.77% 801.123 841.956 5.1%
Motor Vehicle/cars 817.136 985.682 20.63% 2499.186 2876.85 15.11%
Two and Three Wheelers 306.513 380.944 24.28% 868.604 1126.57 29.7%
Sub Total 2090.025 2398.472 14.76% 6258.191 7075.138 13.05%

Source : DGCI&S

Table 4f. Trend in exports of aircraft, spacecraft and parts and ships, boats and floating structures

US$ Million

Product panels June-2025 June-2026 Growth April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth
Aircrafts, Spacecrafts and Parts 121.42 132.51 9.13% 386.51 479.83 295.17%
Ships, Boats and Floating Structures 398.61 532.54 33.6% 1299.17 2375.85 496.04%
Sub Total 520.03 665.06 27.89% 1685.68 2855.68 69.41%

Source : DGCI&S

Table 4g. Trend in exports of other engineering products

US$ Million

Product panels June-2025 June-2026 Growth April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth
BICYCLE AND PARTS 35.29 38.7 9.67% 111.96 122.42 9.35%
Cranes, Lifts and Winches 94.49 84.12 -10.97% 269.9 268 -0.7%
Hand Tools, Cutting Tools and Implements made of Metals 84.68 91.23 7.73% 262.36 269.34 2.66%
Medical and Scientific Instruments 228.58 236.72 3.56% 705.54 730.22 3.5%
OFFICE EQUIPMENTS 32.78 21.67 -33.9% 89.01 84.09 -5.53%
OTHER CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY 254.61 317.18 24.57% 834.33 931.36 11.63%
OTHER MISC. ITEMS 432.95 483.37 11.64% 1371.51 1394.75 1.69%
PRIME MICA AND MICA PRODUCTS 2.55 2.27 -11.03% 8.87 7.85 -11.47%
Railway Transport and Parts 38.57 46.87 21.52% 101.83 189.68 86.28%
PROJECT GOODS 0.1 0.16 58.67% 0.21 0.45 114.69%
OTHR RUBBER PRODCT EXCPT FOOTW 151.91 170.7 12.37% 460.17 489.8 6.44%

Source : DGCI&S

ENGINEERING PRODUCT PANELS – COUNTRY-WISE ANALYSIS

We now analyze the performance of some of the important products for the fiscal April-March 2024-25 vis-à-vis April-March 2023-24. We have taken the major panels and computed the top importers to get an idea of the current trade pattern.

Table 5: Export of Different Panels

(US$ million)

Product panels Top 5 nations April-June 2023-24 April-June 2024-25 Growth (%)
Iron and Steel and Products made of Iron and Steel
U S A 1015.87 1237.08 22%
U ARAB EMTS 349.55 327.89 -6%
NEPAL 221.57 256.1 16%
U K 196.17 253.75 29%
ITALY 315.51 231.14 -27%
Non-Ferrous Metals and Products made of Non-Ferrous Metals
U S A 434.96 530.73 22%
SAUDI ARAB 227.93 351.84 54%
KOREA RP 272.93 330.11 21%
CHINA P RP 109.33 307.33 181%
VIETNAM SOC REP 111.35 174.62 57%
Industrial Machinery
U S A 1157.4 1180.43 2%
CHINA P RP 216.1 271.7 26%
GERMANY 241.24 248.12 3%
U ARAB EMTS 299.86 199.36 -34%
SAUDI ARAB 176.81 191.52 8%
Electrical Machinery
U S A 780.83 818.83 5%
SINGAPORE 405.93 484.75 19%
U K 429.24 371.27 -14%
GERMANY 248.15 336.67 36%
MALAYSIA 68.91 312.86 354%
Automobiles
U S A 609.3 650.83 7%
MEXICO 450.81 519.54 15%
SOUTH AFRICA 413.51 477.73 16%
JAPAN 256.24 275.55 8%
GERMANY 194.61 263.92 36%
Aircrafts and Spacecraft parts and products
U S A 112.13 147.78 32%
FRANCE 58.84 71.78 22%
MALDIVES 0.47 60.07 12702%
U K 45.41 41.99 -8%
MALAYSIA 14.97 21.76 45%
Ships Boats and Floating products and parts
U ARAB EMTS 426.78 961.05 125%
SINGAPORE 555.52 401.31 -28%
SRI LANKA DSR 64.19 383.27 497%
OMAN 54.31 171.49 216%
EGYPT A RP 0 158.12 N/A
Project Goods
SUDAN 0 0.1 N/A
FRANCE 0.02 0.06 200%
U S A 0.06 0.04 -31%
BELGIUM 0 0.04 N/A
ANGOLA 0 0.03 N/A
Other Rubber Product Except Footwear
U S A 108.35 97.8 -10%
GERMANY 30.46 32.64 7%
CHINA P RP 19.98 24.05 20%
THAILAND 11.71 18.5 58%
NETHERLAND 15.3 16.64 9%
Other engineering products
U S A 916.54 923.58 1%
U K 176.29 208.88 18%
GERMANY 188.09 191.57 2%
U ARAB EMTS 191.6 138.87 -28%
BRAZIL 99.5 112.95 14%

Source : DGCI&S

ENGINEERING EXPORTS – STATE-WISE ANALYSIS

State wise engineering export performance

The table below indicates the exports from top Indian states. It is evident from the table that almost 94.7 % of India’s exports is contributed by the listed 12 states. Within this almost 56.5 percent of exports is done by Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat together.

  •  Top 12 states constitute over 94.9 % of India’s engineering Exports. Once again, Karnataka maintained its 5th position, Telengana retained its 4th position, Odisha maintaining its 6th position, West Bengal moving up to 9th position, while Daman and Diu remained at 12th position and Haryana moved down to 13th position during the fiscal April-March 2024-25 compared to the same period last fiscal.( as per estimates of Niryat Portal)
  •  Major negative growth witnessed in states like Maharashtra, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,Rajasthan and Daman and Diu during April-March 2024-25 compared to the same period last fiscal.
  •  Maharashtra being the highest state in terms of Engineering Goods exports ( constituting a share of 22.6%) is leading by US$ 4.44 billion from Tamil Nadu(Second Highest State) for the period of April-March 2024-25.
Table 6: Top state wise engineering export performance - April-January 2025-26

(US$ million)

Top States Cumulative Export April-January 2025-26 Share % Remark
Maharashtra 6524.311973 19.11% 91% share covered by top 12 states
Gujarat 5626.606081 16.48%
Tamil Nadu 5166.105267 15.13%
Karnataka 2769.413206 8.11%
Haryana 2370.44893 6.94%
Odisha 2288.584102 6.7%
Delhi 1394.027539 4.08%
Uttar Pradesh 1145.877684 3.36%
West Bengal 1133.837928 3.32%
Rajasthan 945.6756247 2.77%
Andhra Pradesh 888.5990952 2.6%
Punjab 740.7632028 2.17%
Telangana 652.1963902 1.91%
Madhya Pradesh 557.4668246 1.63%
DADRA,NH,DAMAN,DIU 515.0158295 1.51%
Uttarakhand 323.4599042 0.95%
Chhattisgarh 257.161232 0.75%
Kerala 247.2068967 0.72%
JHARKHAND 210.5132428 0.62%
Goa 194.9348358 0.57%
Bihar 65.78052402 0.19%
Puducherry 46.96387488 0.14%
Himachal Pradesh 45.85927123 0.13%
CHANDIGARH 16.89924042 0.05%
Assam 7.41979252 0.02%
MANIPUR 0.40222019 0%
SIKKIM 0.28147712 0%
Meghalaya 0.141775665 0%
TRIPURA 0.111067298 0%
ARUNACHAL PRADESH 0.077763319 0%
LADAKH 0.011522476 0%
LAKSHADWEEP 0.001873956 0%
NAGALAND 0 0%
MIZORAM 0 0%
ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS 0 0%
Jammu & Kashmir 0%
Others 0%

Source : DGCI&S

Region wise engineering exports

The following table depicts region wise India’s engineering exports for 2024-25 as compared to 2023-24.

Note : DGCI&S state wise data available till Mar-2026

Table 7: Region wise exports from India till Mar-2026

Value in US$ million

Region Apr-Mar 2023-24($Mn) Apr-Mar 2024-25 ($Mn) Growth %
SOUTHERN REGION 8987.86 9770.49 8.71%
EASTERN REGION 2674.79 3964.31 48.21%
WESTERN REGION 11126.73 13418.34 20.6%
NORTHERN REGION 6114.94 6983.02 14.2%
Grand Total 28904.31 34136.16 18.1%

CORRELATION BETWEEN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION AND ENGINEERING EXPORTS

Engineering forms a considerable part of the broader manufacturing sector and the share of engineering production in overall manufacturing output is quite significant. As exports generally come from what is produced within a country, some correlation between manufacturing production growth and engineering export growth should exist. We briefly look at the trend in manufacturing growth as also engineering export growth to see if they move in tandem. It may be mentioned that manufacturing has 77.63% weightage in India’s industrial production.

Engineering export growth and manufacturing output growth moved in the same direction in as many as nine out of twelve months in each of the fiscal years 2019-20 and 2020-21. During fiscal 2021-22, engineering export growth and manufacturing growth moved in the same direction in seven out of twelve months while in each of fiscal 2022-23 and 2023-24, as many as 10 out of 12 months saw engineering exports and manufacturing output moved in the same direction.

The first two month of fiscal 2024-25 also saw manufacturing output growth and engineering exports growth moving in the same direction. April 2024 saw engineering exports declined from a growth in Mar 2024 and manufacturing output growth decelerated. The month of May 2024 witnessed just the opposite. Engineering exports bounced back to growth path and manufacturing output growth accelerated. Then June and July 2024 however saw both moved in the opposite direction but August 2024 saw both engineering export growth and manufacturing growth slowing down. September and October 2024 again saw both moving in the same direction by securing acceleration in growth. November 2024 however saw slowdown in engineering export growth but faster manufacturing growth vis-à-vis October 2024 while growth in both engineering exports and manufacturing output moderated in December 2024. In January 2025 once again, the direction was opposite but in February both moved in the same direction as engineering exports declined and manufacturing growth moderated.

The link between these two may not be established monthly, but a positive correlation may be seen if medium to long term trend is considered.

Table 8: Engineering exports growth vis-à-vis manufacturing growth from April 2020
Months/ Year Engg. Export Growth (%) Manufacturing Growth (%)
April 2020 -63.05 -66.6
May 2020 -22.17 -37.8
June 2020 -5.18 -17.0
July 2020 10.56 -11.4
August 2020 -7.01 -7.6
September 2020 4.09 0.4
October 2020 -5.01 4.5
November 2020 -8.37 -1.6
December 2020 -0.93 2.7
January 2021 16.66 -0.9
February 2021 -4.94 -3.4
March 2021 67.75 28.3
April 2021 236.85 196.0
May 2021 50.21 32.1
June 2021 51.00 13.2
July 2021 42.57 10.5
August 2021 58.63 11.1
September 2021 35.11 4.3
October 2021 51.76 3.3
November 2021 37.28 0.3
December 2021 47.42 0.6
January 2022 25.63 1.9
February 2022 35.49 0.2
March 2022 19.72 1.4
April 2022 18.30 5.6
May 2022 11.45 20.6
June 2022 3.01 13.0
July 2022 -0.03 3.2
August 2022 -12.64 -0.5
September 2022 -11.39 2.0
October 2022 -19.68 -5.8
November 2022 0.09 6.7
December 2022 -11.60 3.6
January 2023 -9.76 4.0
February 2023 -9.73 5.6
March 2023 -7.49 0.5
April 2023 -7.27 5.5
May 2023 -4.13 6.3
June 2023 -10.94 3.5
July 2023 -6.65 5.0
August 2023 7.83 9.3
September 2023 6.81 4.5
October 2023 7.20 N A
November 2023 -3.48 1.2
December 2023 9.82 4.5
January 2024 4.21 3.6
February 2024 15.9 5.0
March 2024 10.66 N A
April 2024 -4.49 3.9
May 2024 7.41 4.6
June 2024 10.27 N A
July 2024 3.66 4.6
August 2024 4.26 1.0
September 2024 9.44 3.9
October 2024 38.39 4.1
November 2024 13.72 5.5
December 2024 8.33 3.4
January 2025 7.46 5.5
February 2025 -8.64 2.9
April 2025 -3.92 3.0
May 2025 -0.80 2.6
June 2025 1.28 2.9
July 2025 13.86 5.4
August 2025 4.90 3.8
September 2025 2.93 4.8
October 2025 -16.72 1.8
November 2025 23.79 8.0
December 2026 1.29 8.4
January 2026 10.35 5.3
February 2026 12.91 6.0
March 2026 1.13 4.3
April 2026 8.78 6.2
May 2026 24.48 5.5

Source :Department of Commerce and CSO

IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE ON INDIA’S EXPORTS

How did the exchange rate fare during March 2025 and what was the recent trend in Re-Dollar movement? In order to get a clearer picture of the recent Re-Dollar trend, not only we took the exchange rate of March 2025, but also considered monthly average exchange rate of Rupee vis-à-vis the US Dollar for each month of fiscal 2023-24 and 2024-25 as per the latest data published, as mere one-month figure does not reflect any trend. The following two tables clearly depicts the short-term trend:

Fig 3: Trend of Rupee vis-a-vis US dollar from April 2020

(Monthly Average Rate of FBIL has been considered)

Source : FBIL

Table 9: USD-INR monthly average exchange rate in 2025-26 vis-à-vis 2024-25

(As per latest data released by FBIL)

Monthly Average Exchange Rate (1 USD to INR) Year-on-Year Change (%) Direction Month-on-Month Change (%) Direction
Month 2025-26 2026-27
April 85.56 93.55 9.34 Depreciation 0.85 Depreciation
May 85.19 95.60 12.22 Depreciation 2.19 Depreciation
June 85.90 94.97 10.56 Depreciation -0.66 Appreciation

Rupee appreciated over the month in March 2025 for the first time after September 2024 but depreciation continued on a year-on-year basis: INR appreciated vis-à-vis the US Dollar by 0.47 percent in March 2025 over the previous month as reciprocal tariff imposed by the USA has created panic about the US economic prospect in the short term leading to weakening of dollar. On a year-on-year basis however, rupee continued to weaken.

Outlook: Currency market may remain volatile till a stability is seen in tariff war and rupee may witness mild gains in the near term.

Table 10: USD-INR monthly average exchange rate in 2024-25 vis-à-vis 2023-24

(As per latest data released by FBIL)

Monthly Average Exchange Rate (1 USD to INR) Year-on-Year Change (%) Direction Month-on-Month Change (%) Direction
Month 2024-25 2025-26
April 83.41 85.56 2.58 Depreciation -1.25 Appreciation
May 83.39 85.19 2.16 Depreciation -0.43 Appreciation
June 83.47 85.90 2.91 Depreciation 0.83 Depreciation
July 83.59 86.11 3.01 Depreciation 0.24 Depreciation
August 83.90 87.52 4.31 Depreciation 1.64 Depreciation
September 83.81 88.32 5.38 Depreciation 0.91 Depreciation
October 84.03 88.42 5.22 Depreciation 0.11 Depreciation
November 84.36 88.83 5.30 Depreciation 0.46 Depreciation
December 84.99 90.09 6.00 Depreciation 1.42 Depreciation
January 86.26 90.80 5.25 Depreciation 0.79 Depreciation
February 87.05 90.77 4.27 Depreciation -0.03 Appreciation
March 86.64 92.76 7.06 Depreciation 2.19 Depreciation

Source : FBIL, EEPC Research

TREND IN ENGINEERING TRADE BALANCE

We now present the trend in two-way yearly trade for the engineering sector for the 2024-25 depicted in the table below:

Table 11: Monthly Trend in Engineering Trade Balance for the current FY

(US$ million)

Trade Flow April May June
Engineering Export 10.4 12.31 11.48
Engineering Import 14.4 14.36 14.19
Trade Balance -4.0 -2.05 -2.71

Source : DGCI&S

TO CONCLUDE...

FY 2024-25 has been an overall positive year for the Indian engineering exports. It was another record breaking performance of Indian engineering exports in 2024-25 as it secured a new all-time high at USD 116.7 billion, surpassing the previous high of USD 112.10 billion achieved in fiscal 2021-22. In this process the engineering exports recorded a growth 6.7% and also outweighed the merchandise exports which recorded a growth of only 0.08% during the same time. The share of engineering exports in total mechandise exports has also risen to 26.7% in the current fiscal as against 25% in the last fiscal. This was possible even though the exporters faced a number of global adversities.

In the coming days, the engineering exporting community of India needs to prepare for the continually changing and uncertain global trade dynamics. As we enter a new financial year, the global trade is undergoing significant disruptions, the most important being the announcement of US president Donald Trump’s “Liberation Day Tariff” which has already sparked retaliatory measures from other countries and concerns about global economic stability. The WTO has already sounded caution – according to them under the current conditions the volume of global merchandise trade is likely to fall by 0.2 percent in 2025. The organisation has further added that although the temporary pause may arrest some trade contraction, there are significant downside risks including retaliation by other countries and policy uncertainty which may further impact global trade volume by around 1.5%, particularly hurting the export-oriented least developed countries. The tariffs are a new addition to the list of trade disruptions that have been ongoing in the recent years including global conflicts and rise of protectionism.

In this situation it is important for the government and the industry to adopt strategies that will help us mitigate the issue to our advantage. The decision to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement with the US is a welcome step. Simultaneous to this, it is also essential for us to diversify our export destinations. I am thankful to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry for their continuous support and hope that this will continue such that our exporters can strengthen their global market presence.